Period+1

Music Video: media type="youtube" key="gq0jjmIBtNw" height="315" width="560"

Commercial: media type="youtube" key="1anxGsMUPHs" height="315" width="560"

The Civil War affected the economy. Black and Irish workers were competing for jobs, which meant there was already tension between the two groups. Lincoln needed 300,000 men to fight in the war, so the draft law was made. If your name was drafted, you were forced to fight unless you could afford to pay the fee. After the first drafting, protests erupted, and a majority of the protestors were the Irish workers. The protestors attacked the Provost Marshall's office on 46th Street and 3rd Avenue, where the first draft lottery was held. For the next few days there were a series of violent attacks. The main groups targeted were black citizens, people/institutions associated with the Republican party, and city merchants and their stores.
 * NYC Draft Riots of 1863**

The Indians were angry because more and more white people were settling in their area (the Rocky Mountains) so they started attacking wagon trains and mining camps. The territorial governor, John Evans, sent Colonel John Chivington to quiet the Indians. He and his troops attacked the Indians, which lasted the whole summer. Finally, the Cheyennes and Arapahos were ready for peace. Indian representatives met with Chivington and Evans for a treaty. The same day, Chivington received a telegram from General Samual Curtis (who was of higher rank than him) that stated Curtis wanted no peace until the Indians suffered more. The Indians were not informed of this telegram and moved their camps to Sand Creek. Chivington marched his 700 troops, and they attacked the Indians with rifles and canons, killing men, women, and children.
 * Sand Creek Massacre of 1864**

The was triggered by the threat of the Civil War and the people wanted better communications with the West. Men rid their horses carrying saddlebags of mail across a 2000 mile trail. They traveled great distances that took Sacramento, California to reach within 9 days and took St. Joseph, Missouri to reach within 11 days. Eventually, the Pony Express had more than 100 stations, 80 riders, and between 400 and 500 horses. Even though the express route was extremely dangerous, only one mail delivery was ever lost. This gave these men a sense of independence since it was not obligated for anyone yto do this. Since they wanted better communications with the West, it was up to them to change how they would do that.
 * The Pony Express of 1860**

The presidential elections in 1864 was taken place during the Civil War. The two candidates were Abraham Lincoln who was a republican and George B. McClellan who was a democratic. McClellan was Lincolns former general and the peace candidate in the elections. On november 8th, 1864 Lincoln won by over 400,000 votes. More than 70% of the soldiers in the Army gave lincoln there vote. This was the first elections since 1832 where there had been a re- election. Lincoln was killed 6 weeks after his inauguration by John Wilkes Booth. The democrats believed that lincoln had doomed his chances for re-election by turning the war from a conflict to preserve the union into a battle to abolish slavery. The Freedmen’s Bureau was a U.S. federal government agency that aided refugees in hardship after the Civil War. The Freedmen’s Bureau is also known as the Bureau of Refugees and Abandoned Lands. The Freedmen’s Bureau was created after the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill was passed on March 3, 1865. It was intended to last for only one year. Oliver O. Howard headed the Bureau and it actually lasted longer than it was intended for, from 1865 to 1871. It was disbanded under President Ulysses S. Grant. The Bureau’s main role was to help freed men, who were mostly freed ex-slaves, adjusting to living on their own after the war.
 * Presidential Elections of 1864**
 * The Freedmen's Bureau**

Ways that the Freedmen’s Bureau helped freed ex-slaves were providing food, shelter, and medical aid. The major things the Bureau did were reunited families and set up schools to educate freed ex-slaves. Education was the biggest achievement for the Freedmen’s Bureau. More than 90,000 former slaves were enrolled in public school, and the attendance rate at these schools ranged from 79 to 82 percent. By 1870, there were over 1,000 schools set up by the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau has left a big legacy even today, as there are few colleges established by the Bureau that are still functional today.